Singapore Flyer (2019)

Shigeru Ban Architects
Role: Computational Design, Architectural Design

Redefining Singapore Flyer

By replacing the Terminal building's current narrow roof with a free-flowing, translucent, and expansive canopy, the project transforms it into an active architectural field. Extending over previously uncovered areas both inside and outside, the new roof provides generous shade and shelter from sun and rain, enhancing comfort and supporting the full range of terminal activities. At night, it glows as a landmark on the Singapore skyline. Like a soft cloud in the sky, the undulating roof forms a gentle base for the Ferris wheel, which appears to float above it. Its fluid form contrasts with the strict geometry of many Singaporean buildings, becoming an integral part of the iconic Marina Bay waterfront.

Singapore Flyer is redefined not only in form but also in material. The new structure employs laminated bamboo as its primary structural systemβ€”a rapidly renewable resource that can reach construction-ready size in 3–5 years, compared to 40–70 years for timber. Bamboo offers higher compressive strength than wood, brick, or concrete, with a strength-to-weight ratio comparable to steel. As a laminated product, it outperforms laminated wood structurally, reducing overall material consumption and cost, and is roughly 20% more stable under changes in moisture and temperature. Drawing on Asia’s abundant bamboo resources, the project positions the Flyer’s roof as a model for future sustainable architecture in Singapore and the wider region.


Main entrance canopy with shaded drop-off area, ticket sales and terraces on two floors

Rainforest area with deep roof overhangs protecting visitors from rain and sun

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Structural Components

  1. Slender circular steel columns, supported partly on the existing structure and partly on new isolated foundations at ground level, form a three-dimensional framework for the lightweight roof. The columns are inclined so that the structural grid of the existing Terminal building aligns with the grid of the new roof.

  2. The main roof structure consists of four types of beams that together form a 3Γ—3 m square grid in plan. This system generates the roof's undulating geometry while keeping each beam singly curved.

    a. Primary beams are paired members (each 160Γ—600 mm) spanning across the Terminal building between columns at 9 m intervals.
    b. Secondary beams (160Γ—600 mm) span perpendicular to the primary beams at 3 m intervals.
    c. Tertiary beams (160Γ—600 mm), also at 3 m intervals, run parallel to and between the primary beams.
    d. A circular edge beam (Ø 300 mm) runs along the perimeter of the roof, inside and outside, supporting the outermost members between primary beams.

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